فصلنامه علوم اجتماعی
سال بیست و نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 98، پاییز 1401)

Social exclusion manifests itself within the educational realm, particularly in the echelons of higher education. The pivotal role of such exclusion lies in impeding individuals' access to rights and opportunities, creating barriers that either thwart their continued participation in the higher education system or relegate them to the periphery. This study meticulously investigates educational exclusion within the Iranian higher education system, scrutinizing the processes contributing to the contextual landscape and the root causes of student exclusion. Furthermore, employing Grounded Theory, diverse dimensions of educational exclusion are explored, presenting a thick description. In the present study, semi-structured interviews with students and professionals were conducted to discern the facets of educational exclusion and identify influential factors. The gleaned contexts and rationales for exclusion encompass contexts, multifaceted family dynamics, impediments to effective communication, academic interactions, societal structures, and factors such as financial constraints, disabilities, inadequate educational policies, and the portrayal of higher education policies as agents of educational injustice.

With the aim of identifying and prioritizing the needs of the young elites and the typology of this group, the current research identified the needs of the elites in the framework of the Q method, while conducting in-depth interviews with the elites and examining the available resources. In the second part, 62 young university elites completed the final questionnaire. Then, four mental patterns were obtained. According to the findings, the "supportive elites" are mostly looking for support and facilities for livelihood, research, recruitment etc., and they adapt themselves well to quantitative criteria to obtain support and facilities. "Participating elites" believe that the existing support should be appropriate to the dignity and special conditions of each elite. This group needs to provide the basis for their influence through interaction with different levels of governance and with other elites. "Individual elites" seek public support in the fields of livelihood, research, and equipment, and prefer short-term and economic support to long-term and targeted facilities. "Operational elites" are also mainly looking for specific and targeted support such as commercialization of products, creation of knowledge-based businesses and application of research. Finally, operational and policy proposals were presented to meet these needs.

Motherhood is a central factor in the acquisition of women's identity, and it is crystallized as a clear, sacred, and consistent image in the gender socialization of women. Based on such a strong belief and core value around motherhood, infertility and not being a mother are considered a defect for women. Based on this, infertile women face many challenges and social problems beyond infertility, such as physical and medical issues, creating a different lived experience for them. After reviewing the theories of identity, interaction, cultural approaches, and biological-psychological-social approach, four concepts of infertility construction, infertility stigma, loss and grief, and role identity were used. Based on this, the central question of the current research is: what failures do infertile women perceive during their infertility experience, and what does it mean to them? This research is based on a qualitative approach and the application of thematic analysis using Max Q.D.A qualitative software. It is based on semi-in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 20 infertile women who live in Mashhad. The findings of this research show that women's experience of infertility refers to 3 main themes: suspended maternal identity, imperfect body perception and incomplete treatment.

Physical appearance as a form of capital has been the focus of sociologists in recent years because "aesthetic capital," like other forms of capital, can be accumulated and utilized in social exchanges. The general purpose of this research was to collect information about the dimensions and meaning of appearance, and to do so, the questionnaire tool was used. The present research participants included all people between the ages of 15 and 60 in a statistical sample of 384 people in Ahvaz City. In this regard, statistical measures for both the "accumulation" and "utilization " dimensions of "aesthetic capital" were studied based on a parallel survey design using ordinal logistic regression (o-logit model). The findings showed that there are double standards based on specific norms regarding "accumulation" and "utilization " of "aesthetic capital." Furthermore, the existence of double normative standards depends on the "context" of society, in a way that these standards in "accumulation of capital" mean more approval of women's behavior, while the double standard in "utilization of capital" means more approval of men’s behavior. As a result, aesthetic capital, as something that depends on the context, regulates gender norms.

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of football commercialization in Iran using a mixed exploratory method (thematic analysis and Delphi). The panel members, selected based on the purposeful sampling method, are 42 people. As the findings revealed, eight themes were identified as the final themes, including 1. Prevalence of buying, selling, and pricing the football players; 2. Materialization of most activities in society; 3. Providing financial resources for the activities related to football; 4. Individual motivations of football players; 5. Profit-seeking motives of dealers; 6. Media and virtual space; 7. Dimension of football business and trading, and 8. Consequences of football commercialization. Then, these themes were judged by the experts and specialists in two rounds (Delphi), and the results showed that 12 components for the factor of football commercialization; 14 components for the factor of the motivation of sports clubs and institutions in football commercialization; 12 components for the factor of the motivation of football players in commercialization of football; 11 components for the factor of the motivation of media institutions and companies in the process of football commercialization; 17 components for the factor of football commercialization results, were agreed upon by the experts and specialists. The findings showed that most of the activities related to football are done only for the sake of earning money and for its economic aspect, and football commercialization is affected by economic and financial factors.

The South Korean film business has captured the imagination of many young people nowadays, which disturbs many parents. This research seeks to understand the experiences of fandom in young Iranian women from Korean series and its relationship with virtual space. The current qualitative case study research was conducted using thematic analysis and semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed using coding. Twenty-three young girls between the ages of 19 and 27 who live in various places in Iran and are members of fan pages on Telegram made up the present research participants.  Although many of them ascribed the start of their fandom to the period when popular Korean series were broadcast on TV, the results of this research confirm that their fandom is sustained thanks to the availability of virtual space. Furthermore, five main themes for the support of these young women were counted from their responses: a variety of genres in products, avoiding erotic scenes, fostering cultural similarities, teaching moral virtue, and attractive romances were among the reasons for their support.